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Most
effective leaders have continually faced new challenges in their
careers. As their career has progressed they have moved through
a series of more and more responsible positions to the point where
they are among the ranks of the leaders of Canadian business. Along
the way they make an important shift in behaviour from doing things
for others to getting things done by others as they move to positions
of responsibility for leading and directing others.
The
trouble is that these leaders are rarely given direction themselves.
Instead, they get an office, a staff and a series of tasks to perform.
The usual coping mechanism is to impose some kind of order on their
world. The order is based on everything they've done in the past
because that's where their experience is rooted. They use their
past to structure their future.
The
inherent risk in this strategy (and the reason that the failure
rate is so high for new executives) is that they will continue in
the past when new and different behaviours are necessary for success
in a new situation.
The
question then becomes "as a new leader how do I break out of
this dilemma, quickly and effectively, during the first few months
in a new assignment?"
Well,
the answer lies first in your level of awareness of how others are
perceiving your appointment. For instance, the higher you go the
more visible you become. The people that hired you are looking you
over to find validation from your performance that they made the
right decision.
Your
new staff is looking you over to see what kind of leader you'll
prove to be and whether you can live up to your advanced billing!
That includes individuals who may have been in the running for your
position or who may have thought they should have gotten the job.
The
organization at large has heard a lot about your appointment through
rumours, newspaper articles and some limited company information.
So they are interested in your performance as a leader of the management
team.
If
you've been brought in from the "outside" (heaven forbid!)
the public, or at least the financial community and your industry
cohorts are keenly interested in whether the organization made the
right choice.
Finally,
as you discover more about the situation you've been asked to fix,
you are looking yourself over, wondering whether this was as good
an opportunity as it seemed when you first discussed it.
High
profile in the initial stages -- you bet it is!
So
who's going to advise you how to get started and what to do in what
order to get off to a good start. The answer, of course, is nobody!
You know that the usual practice is to have a short chat with you,
wish you the best and leave you to sink or swim. Whoever in the
world created that expression anyway? You're not a rock nor a marathon
swimmer. You are a human being trying to exercise that elusive quality
called leadership. So let's get on with it and try to figure out
what to do.
The
phenomenon of leadership has been the subject of extensive research
over the last several decades. Two basic dimensions have been identified,
relationship-oriented behaviour, and task-oriented behaviour. The
former dimension, pertaining to more equity and human relations
has been the focus of behavioural science research far more often
than task behaviour or specification of performance standards. The
managerial importance of directing effort in appropriate directions
has been quite overlooked until recent times.
High
performing managers, people who in successive positions had attained
outstanding levels of performance have a number of things in common.
One key factor was a common pattern in the way these executives
settled into their jobs -- in determining and communicating feasible
objectives during the so-called "first 90 days".
How
They Did It
The
first thirty days were characterized by open discussions with members
of the department, by actively listening to various points of view
of problems and opportunities. During this period the high performing
leaders were sizing up the situation and implicitly building relationships
with executives and staff.
The
next sixty days were marked by discussions to test out alternative
objectives and plans, assessing feasibility, obstacles and support.
The ninety days usually ended with a radical change in behaviour,
from listening to directing. The direction to employees came in
the form of a thank you for input and assistance followed by a statement
of the objectives for the organization during the next performance
period. From that point on, the achievement of the goal, with a
gradual opening up of relationships as time and goal achievement
went on.
High
Performing Leaders -- Their Characteristics
High
performing leaders are goal-oriented with an ability to size up
the performance possibilities in a situation, and to communicate
a sense of direction. They have a common ability to manage attention
through vision (objectives) and to communicate that vision in meaningful
ways.
Jack
Welch, Chairman of General Electric is a prime example of a leader
who successfully manages through the effective use of vision. His
vision as quoted in GE's annual report is "To be number one
or number two in any business we are in and to take quantum leaps
ahead of our competitors in technology". He subsequently directed
that GE's management development effort be focused on LEADERSHIP
and created the "work out" program to reorganize and refocus
the efforts of GE management.
Fortunately,
the high performing leaders of this world have left their mark.
By studying how they tackle each new assignment you can learn to
do what they do. The pay off?
Well,
the pay off for you is success and with success comes confidence
and an increase in self-esteem. Better get at it now than to stumble
just as you're getting going.
Behaviour
Skills of the High Performing Leader
The
traditional, rational leader sets goals and objectives and manages
against them. Policy, rules, order and professional management skills
are the concerns of this kind of leader. This style works well in
stable situations.
The
TRANSFORMATIONAL leader is able to set goals and objectives, but
thrives on doing so in a period of active change. Innovation, risk-taking
and problem-solving are the skills that a good transformational
leader exhibits.
High
Performing Leaders
- Are
conventional risk takers.
- They
approach each situation from an untraditional viewpoint and give
signals that they are different.
- They
have an ability to bring focus to situations, set an agenda for
action and send signals that "I know the pathway and I'll
take you there".
- They
use emotion to inspire confidence.
- They
use inspiration or symbolic management practices "We will
be the leaders in our industry". "We will be number
one".
- They
have learned to use images in public speaking.
- They
know the importance of putting on events that can get employees
excited about doing something.
- They
have a remarkable ability to match the needs of the organization
by carefully sizing up the situation and taking bold steps to
improve things.
- They
personally show a high positive regard for themselves and almost
never worry about the downside.
How
High Performing Leaders Get Started
Step
One -- Sizing up the Situation
Start
out by remembering that your job is not to take personal responsibility
for problems that your direct reports will bring to you. Remember
that your job is to support your people and hold them accountable
for results! Hold on to that thought with all your might!
Step
Two -- Getting to Know the Organization
Step
two involves getting to know the people you manage. What better
way than to sit down with them and ask these key questions:
1.
Tell me what you do for this organization. What are the results
of your efforts.
2.
Tell me about the obstacles you face in trying to accomplish your
responsibilities.
3.
Describe for me the ideal state in your mind. That is, if all was
going really well, what would you say?
Notice
here that you avoid the trap of being perceived as the most knowledgeable
person. Your intention at this point is to LISTEN to everyone's
point of view. We are an over-verbalized society. To be successful
everyone thinks they must talk, to "tell and sell". But
in your case, you want to listen and learn. The people that work
for you will appreciate the opportunity to be listened to. They
inevitably want to be heard and, in fact, will have a wealth of
insight into how the organization really works.
Subtly,
but surely you will begin to get to know your staff -- their knowledge,
their hopes, their fears and their dreams. That's called BUILDING
RELATIONSHIPS and is just as important as gathering information.
As
they begin to open up, their level of trust will increase and more
and more information will come tumbling out. At the same time, you
will be able to gather a sense of the issues and challenges facing
you. You can then begin the next step.
[NOTE.
Talk to everyone you can. Peers, subordinates, your boss, anyone
who comes in contact, is serviced by or gives service to your operation].
Step
Three -- SITNA Alternative
You'll
hear about every problem large and small. Your challenge is to "reframe"
those problems in terms of the SITNA alternative (Situations That
Need Attention). You can focus on what you are concerned about,
then engage in action planning, with participative management. The
process can turn you into a facilitator of the procedures by which
your subordinates and others participate in developing plans to
improve situations that are or may jeopardize goal attainment.
Step
Four -- Developing Your Vision
Patience
in situational analysis is a virtue. But virtue must be translated
into action. Therefore, the next step is to decide for yourself
what you want to happen. Dream a little bit, allow yourself to speculate
on the best outcome for the situation. Then translate that dream
into your personal vision.
Your
vision is simply a short statement of what you want. It comes after
listening and gathering information and identifying the situations
that need attention.
The
Shift
Now
comes the time to shift your behaviour from listening to acting
and more importantly directing the behaviour of others. It goes
something like this:
"I
have listened to what everyone has told me. I have sifted it all
out with your help and here's what we are going to do."
Then
take your vision and translate it into goals for the organization.
If you want to be the best, articulate what you mean by best. If
you want to raise standards then articulate the new standards.
From
this moment on your personal goal becomes one of focusing attention
on the goal or goals you have articulated. Structure every situation
based on those goals. Develop ways of tracking and measuring movement
toward goal achievement.
David
Bratton has over 28 years experience in managing, teaching and consulting
in human resources and change management in the private and public
sectors. He is an independent practitioner in the fields of human
resource and change management consulting. His clients include financial
services, high tech and aerospace manufacturers, airline and transportation
companies. David has worked with clients in Canada, the United States
and the United Kingdom. David can be found at his Web site, http://www.brattonconsulting.com/
or can be contacted by email at the following address: dbratton@brattonconsulting.com
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